Routine police stops erode community trust more than fatal incidents do.

Evidence

Across America, tensions between police and communities are at an alltime high. The fatal police shooting of Michael Brown, an unarmed Black eighteen-year-old, by Darren Wilson, a White police officer, in Ferguson, Missouri on August 9, 2014, has been called “America’s great awakening” to long-standing issues of race and fractured police-community relations (Lowery, 2016, p. 18). This relationship has been fraught for generations and implicates a centuries old history of systems of policing to enforce social control and explicit discrimination against Blacks in America (Hawkins & Thomas, 1991). Whereas much public attention has focused on well-publicized fatal incidents, trust between police and communities is also eroded through mundane everyday encounters (Epp, Maynard-Moody & Haider-Markel, 2014). Routine stops are the most common interaction the public has with the police. In a given year in the United States, one in four people of driving-age will have an interaction with the police, and nearly half (44 percent) of those interactions are traffic stops (Eith & Durose, 2011). — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 347

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to research on how everyday institutional contact (not only dramatic events) shapes trust and legitimacy — parallels Epp’s policing-of-citizenship literature and the reader’s work on mundane bias reproduction. — connects to: Police treatment teaches stopped citizens their own worthiness of respect — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of…, 506
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 347