Ricoldo unfairly misrepresented the tribute-or-war choice Islam actually offered

Evidence

With some reason he said that the failure to pay tribute is no just cause to kill; but this was no fair way to present the alternatives actually offered by Islam, war, tribute or conversion. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 710

Categorization

• XREF: The ‘war, tribute or conversion’ triad parallels the reputational-choice frameworks the reader engages with in institutions literature — how framing available options shapes moral judgment.