Revolutionary movements fail when foreign allies restrain land reform that could win rural support

Evidence

In the November 1919 general elections, the P.S.I. received almost two million votes, and returned 156 deputies to parliament, out of a total of 508 seats. Party membership rose from 20,000 at the end of the war to 87,000 in 1919, 180,000 in 1920; membership of the C.G.L. rose in the same period from 250,000 to two million. But despite its revolutionary language, the P.S.I. neither organised itself for insurrection, nor sought allies for the industrial proletariat (four million strong at this time) among the peasants or agricultural labourers (each of whom represented a further four millions, approximately). Although the peasants were occupying feudal estates in the South throughout the revolutionary years, the party made no attempt to co-ordinate their struggles. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 88 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Foreign troops curbing local revolution alienated the rural masses and doomed the Republic; A weak bourgeoisie’s failure to ally with peasants prevents hegemonic revolution — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 483; Religious reform agendas alienated peasants and undermined revolutionary alliance — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 539 (+6 more)

Broader Connections

• Foreign troops curbing local revolution alienated the rural masses and doomed the Republic #corroborates (0.85)
• Revolutionary cadres divorced from the masses cannot sustain a revolution #corroborates (0.80)
• Revolutionary mass parties can fail insurrection by neglecting alliances with peasants #corroborates (0.78) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 88
• Allies’ narrow environmental framing preserves the land structures causing injustice #corroborates (0.78) — Kyle Whyte, Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and…, 91
• Religious reform agendas alienated peasants and undermined revolutionary alliance #corroborates (0.75) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 539
• A progressive national bloc requires allying with the peasant masses and lower intellectuals #corroborates (0.75) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 462
• A weak bourgeoisie’s failure to ally with peasants prevents hegemonic revolution #corroborates (0.72) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 483
• Entrenched property-ownership ideals defeated the effort to treat land as a social resource #exemplifies (0.72) — Adam Rome, The Bulldozer in the Countryside, 1077
• Socially mobilized populations resist foreign intervention that illiterate peasants cannot #expands (0.70)