Repeated betrayals transformed Carmichael from optimist into revolutionary.

Evidence

In the years since that all-night conversation with Baldwin, Carmichael, the optimistic kid from Trinidad, Bronx Science High School, and Howard University had become a fiery revolutionary. Repeated betrayals can create unexpected enemies. — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Begin Again, 94

Categorization

• SEED: ‘Repeated betrayals can create unexpected enemies’ — a compressible aphorism-level claim about how movements radicalize; could anchor an essay on state-driven radicalization.