Religions institutionalize obligated interdependence that overrides ethnic and racial boundaries within the faith.

Evidence

Religions have developed over time to help provide these resources and services, in addition to institutionalizing obligated interdependence to other group members. In Islam, there is a Quran-mandated obligation to all Muslims. Muslims are obligated and responsible for the Ummah, or the world community of Muslims. The clearest demonstration of this obligation occurs during the Hajj, when Muslims from around the world mingle and depend on one another for the successful completion of the Hajj (Clingingsmith et al., 2009). The book of Vayikra (or Leviticus) of the Torah mandates that all Jews are obligated to all other Jews regardless of ethnic or racial background. A modern example of this obligation can be seen in the Israeli-assisted mass exodus of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 1991. In Operation Solomon, more than 14,000 Ethiopian Jews were transported to Israel over 36 hours. At least one plane carried more than 1,000 passengers. When the pilot of the plane (a Jew of European descent) was asked why he did this despite the plane’s carrying capacity of 500, he was quoted as saying, “It’s okay. I don’t want to leave any of my people behind” (Rosenthal, 2003). — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 906

Categorization

• XREF: Directly complements the ingroup/outgroup mechanism notes from the Allport-related thread — scripture-scaled obligated interdependence as a binding force within the demes framework.
• CANDY: The Operation Solomon pilot’s ‘I don’t want to leave any of my people behind’ line is a striking, self-contained anecdote about in-group obligation overriding capacity limits.
• QUESTION: If obligation to the Ummah/co-religionists overrides ethnicity (Ethiopian Jews airlifted by European Jews), what does that predict about how religious vs ethnic identity channel outgroup hostility differently? Worth chasing.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 906