Reform itself revived the xenophobias that confidence had repressed.

Evidence

Unlike racial nativism, which had started up from factors largely independent of the prevailing progressive faith, the anti-radical and anti-Catholic revivals after 1910 were direct outgrowths of the ongoing currents of social protest. In the end, the ferment of reform revived anxieties which it had initially helped to repress. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 1044

Categorization

• XREF: Supports the reader’s core question — solidarity/threat manufactures a new enemy when the old one fades: reform’s optimism first suppressed, then regenerated anti-Catholic and anti-radical enemies. — connects to: A new nationalism rechanneled existing race feelings onto immigrant targets — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 1012; Progressive reform’s own momentum regenerated the anxieties it had first suppressed. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 1044

Broader Connections

• A new nationalism rechanneled existing race feelings onto immigrant targets #expands (0.80) — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 1012