Redlining persists in new forms even after the 1968 Fair Housing Act.

Evidence

Although the Fair Housing Act of 1968 made redlining illegal, other schemes have been engineered to take its place. On January 12, 2023, the Department of Justice announced that it had entered into a $31 million settlement agreement to resolve allegations that City National Bank, the largest bank headquartered in Los Angeles and among the fifty largest banks in the United States, “engaged in a pattern or practice of lending discrimination by ‘redlining’ in Los Angeles County.” — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 357

Categorization

• XREF: Shows continuity of harm into the present — useful for arguing reparations is not only about historical wrongs but ongoing systems.