Redlining maps directly caused housing segregation and then blame shifted to Black fiscal habits.

Evidence

The Roosevelt administration’s new Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) handed Black residents the Old Deal when these agencies drew “color-coded” maps, coloring Black neighborhoods in red as undesirable. The maps caused brokers to deny residents new thirty-year mortgages and prevented Black renters from purchasing a home and acquiring wealth. But, of course, the discrimination was ignored or discounted, and the fiscal habits of Black people were blamed for the growing fiscal inequities and segregation created by the policies. Discrimination for Blacks and government assistance for Whites usually won the day. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 870

Categorization

• XREF: Another clean case of Kendi’s inversion: racist policy (color-coded maps denying mortgages) precedes and produces the racist idea (blaming Black fiscal habits for inequities the policy created). Also connects to ‘Grafting & Growth’ only weakly — better as a test case against the ignorance→hate→discrimination ordering.