Reclassifying the same democracy data as essentialist changes results significantly.

Evidence

Then using the polity data I compare the polity measure of democracy which falls into the family resemblance category with a modi- fied (by me) polity measure that incorporates the essentialist concept structure. In contrast with the literature on measures of democracy (see Inkeles 1991 and Munck and Verkuilen 2002 for surveys of the most prominent efforts), I find significant differences between the two measures using exactly the same data. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts, 643

Categorization

• QUESTION: If a purely structural re-specification flips findings, how many published democracy-on-X results are artifacts of the additive coding rule?
• XREF: Directly parallels the replication-crisis argument that coding decisions, not data, drive results.