Racial status as a black woman produced harsher ban treatment than Muslim status alone.

Evidence

For the brief moment I was handcuffed, I couldn’t control myself and I just started crying,” Elamin said as she reflected on the reality that non-black Muslims from the restricted states were not handcuffed. Her religious identity as a Muslim led to her detainment, while her racial status as a black woman spurred the decision of Customs and Border Control to handcuff her, and treat her like a criminal. She stood at the dangerous crossroads of anti-black racism, Islamophobia, and xenophobia, which prompted a more violent brand of treatment from immigration officers. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 456

Categorization

• XREF: This is a perfect microcase for the reader’s own-perspective-dialectic question: the same policy produces differential treatment by race within the targeted group. — connects to: Feminized reform was reserved for white women; Black women got harsher unfeminized punishment. — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 192; The Muslim ban extended anti-black racism to Somali and Sudanese immigrants. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 454; Black American Muslims suffer compounded vulnerability from converging anti-Black racism and Islamophobia — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 460
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 456

Broader Connections

• The Muslim ban extended anti-black racism to Somali and Sudanese immigrants. #corroborates (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 454
• Black American Muslims suffer compounded vulnerability from converging anti-Black racism and Islamophobia #corroborates (0.60) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 460