Racial association, not loud racism, shapes white views of black people and policy

Evidence

Perhaps, then, it’s unsurprising that poll data consistently show that many white Americans continue to rate black people as lazier than whites and more likely to prefer to live off of welfare. Even though they are not loud racists, many white Americans associate negative qualities with black people, and that association affects how black individuals are seen and treated, and how policy to remedy racial inequality is imagined. — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 109

Categorization

• XREF: This contrasts with the popularized ‘“racism is individual bad actors” framing Glaude is arguing against; connects to ‘racial habits’ concept he defines earlier in the chapter as distinct from prejudice.
• SHARE: A useful empirical anchor for anyone writing about implicit vs explicit bias measurement debates.