Race functioned as an organizing principle tying bodies to social statuses

Evidence

Race operated as a multileveled organizing principle that established who was “civilized” and who was “savage,” who was “free” (and hence human), and who was a slave (chattel, not a person). Race linked the corporeal/ visible characteristics of different social groups to different sociopolitical statuses, and provided various religious and political principles always reflected restrictive norms. — Michael Omi, Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 85

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Bodily and cultural notions of race developed together from the start — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 125; Eighteenth-century ethnology fused bodily and cultural notions of race together — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 137; Race functions as a master status tied to oppression rather than demographic mixing — Neda Maghbouleh, The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian…, 53 (+1 more)