Pugio fidei weaponized philology as an arm of coercive conversion campaign.

Evidence

It is clear that the Dominicans were not pleased with the outcome of the Barcelona disputation and that they felt that the problem was neither with the premises nor the method of debate, but with its execution. This is why Martí composed (probably with a team of helpers) his Pugio fidei (Dagger of the faith), a handbook for future debates between Dominican missionaries and Jews. … The aggressive purpose of the Dagger is clear: the Dominican missionaries are to seek out the Jews, force them into debate, and attack the heart of their doctrine. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1189

Categorization

• XREF: Failure did not discredit the debate method in Dominican eyes — they blamed execution, not premises; a pattern echoed in how subsequent polemicists treated Muslim non-conversion as a defect of method. Connects to Aziz/Razack claims about why Islam-West opposition persists despite argumentative failure.