Public authorities can sustain private armed forces beyond city control

Evidence

Triborough had its own fleets, of yachts and motorcars and trucks, and its own uniformed army—“Bridge and Tunnel Officers” who guarded its toll booths, revolver-carrying Long Island Parkway Police who patrolled its suburban parks and roads—responsible to no discipline but that of Robert Moses. To command the army, under Moses, it had its own generals and admirals, senior officers of the United States Army and Navy who, upon retirement, took service under its banner. — Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker, 70

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Ruling classes can maintain permanent armed forces that work-bound classes cannot match; Ruling classes build parallel private military forces positioned on class frontiers; Military character can operate through civilians without open army participation — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 837 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• The state increasingly depends on private instrumentarian power for its security aims #expands (0.85) — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 1226
• Ruling classes build parallel private military forces positioned on class frontiers #corroborates (0.82)
• The state includes the private apparatus of hegemony beyond government #expands (0.80)
• Ruling classes can maintain permanent armed forces that work-bound classes cannot match #corroborates (0.78)
• Military character can operate through civilians without open army participation #expands (0.75) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 837