Prosody alone can invert the meaning of identical spoken words.

Evidence

Among the hearing-aid users, those with poorer hearing used additional prosodic cues (i.e., tempo and pitch) for their arousal ratings, compared to those with relatively good hearing. For valence, pitch was the only acoustic cue that was associated with valence. — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1348 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

  • XREF: connects to: Poorer hearing drives reliance on more prosodic cues for affect judgement — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1348; The voice operates between meaning and sound, resisting reduction to either

Broader Connections