Professional licensing rules divert foreign workers into support roles rather than full practice.

Evidence

Yet, while this may increase the supply of radiologists from which to draw, it currently circumscribes the level of work these radiologists can perform for their U.S. clients. If the Wipro radiologists are not licensed in a U.S. state and credentialed by a U.S. hospital, they are not allowed to perform full radiological reads; instead, they provide a range of complementary services that can speed the work flow of radiologists in the United States. A few examples include providing 3D anatomical models for MRIs and CT angiographies, and providing preliminary radiological reads that can greatly increase the efficiencies of U.S. based radiologists. — Georg Schreyögg and Jörg Sydow, The Hidden Dynamics of Path Dependence, 591

Categorization

• SEED: An essay on how occupational licensure quietly reshapes global labor arbitrage — the same gatekeeping logic governs radiologists, lawyers, and nurses across borders.