Print standardization fragmented formerly fluid multilingual literary communities

Evidence

Because the major languages are now much more clearly demarcated in terms of individual competences, print archives, authorial a?uvres and reading publics, the question of translations, back and forth, among the different Indian languages becomes at once more complex and far more pressing. This machinery of translations for the circulation of literary works within th~ various literary communities is poorly developed, being left in a significant degree to individual industry and preference, with little institutionalized and systematic effort. I know from experience, for example, that the whole range of publishing in Urdu gives us no sense of literary developments in Kashmiri or Punjabi or Modern Hindi or Telugu, even though the Urdu language has always existed in regions and states where these other languages are also spoken and written, often by a majority of the people. — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 1108

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Print-languages made mutually unintelligible dialects into unified national communities — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on…, 188; Late print-capitalism made Swiss multilingualism persist through a bilingual ruling class — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on…, 484; Imagined communities emerge from capitalism, print, and linguistic diversity — Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou, Speculative Communities: Living With…, 411 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Print-languages made mutually unintelligible dialects into unified national communities #responds-to (0.88) — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 188
• Capitalism’s search for monoglot mass markets drove print vernacularization #expands (0.84) — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 175
• Imagined communities emerge from capitalism, print, and linguistic diversity #qualifies (0.82) — Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou, Speculative Communities, 411
• Aggregating language literatures into an ‘Indian’ object requires new non-comparatist theoretical principles #expands (0.80) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 1150
• Inter-language literary translation machinery in India is poorly institutionalized #exemplifies (0.79) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 495
• Late print-capitalism made Swiss multilingualism persist through a bilingual ruling class #complicates (0.78) — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 484
• Uneven participation in written tradition produces instability and inconsistency #exemplifies (0.76) — James W. Carey, Communication as Culture- Essays on…, 639
• Local oral literatures resist absorption into any unified Third World Literature category #corroborates (0.75) — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 318