Post-Reconstruction violence pushed Turner from accommodation toward Black nationalism

Evidence

Discouraged by his experience in politics, he became a bishop in the A.M.E. Church, and a more radical voice. He had always advocated an accommodationist relationship with white people; now he began to preach a version of Black nationalism: the belief that Black people should have their own autonomy, even their own country. He became a proponent of the Back to Africa movement, and believed that slavery had existed in order to expose Africans to Christianity. — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 1039

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s case-study interest in how failure within a system drives radicalization — parallels the ‘Revolutionary-War-cause dispute’ angle.