Post-1815 ‘restoration’ was a realignment limiting, not reversing, middle-class gains.

Evidence

It is well known that restoration is only a metaphorical expression; in reality there was no effective restoration of the ancien regime , but only a new alignment of forces through which the revolutionary conquests of the middle classes were limited and codified. The King in France and the Pope in Rome became heads of their respective parties and no longer the unquestioned representatives of France or of Christianity. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 1413

Categorization

• DEFINE: Dissolves the literal meaning of ‘Restoration’ into its actual function — a realignment of forces codifying bourgeois conquests.