Positive liberty means cultivating the self through ethical formation

Evidence

By contrast, Guénon’s frame of reference was the ancient and long-standing “traditional civilizations,” those systems of acculturation that cultivate ethics and moral technologies of the self precisely for the attainment of this “positive” freedom. The quality and type of ethical formation may be different in the case of Soviet Communism from its “Eastern” counterpart, but the idea of cultivating the self as freedom is one and the same, however much Communist thinking remained constrained by concepts of materialism. — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 298

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines positive liberty as self-cultivation through ethics and moral technologies of the self, against Berlin’s negative liberty.
• XREF: Berlin’s Two Concepts of Liberty; Michel Foucault on technologies of the self; also relates to the ‘cultural production of the subject’ theme running through the reader’s knowledge base. — connects to: Positive liberty means acting on one’s second-order desires through self-mastery. — Frank Lovett, Republicanism, 8