Positive ingroup emotion and outgroup slurs are distinct constructs

Evidence

Outgroup negativity and racial slurs—which have been shown to promote exclusion of out-groups (e.g., Leader, Mullen, & Rice, 2009)—were used as two separate indicators of the same general construct (i.e., out-group derogation). Positive and negative emotions were conceptualized as emotional responses to (members of) in-groups and out-groups, rather than as evidence of in-group favoritism and out-group derogation. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1009

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1009