Portuguese expansion into Africa began modern Europe and produced the Negro.

Evidence

The Portuguese state’s expansion into Africa marks, of course, the beginnings of the modern era in European development: the “Age of Discovery.” It also marks the beginnings of those encounters between the peoples of the European peninsula and the African continent that would produce the Negro. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 473

Categorization

Category: Connection Points

• DEFINE: Robinson locates the origin of the modern racial category ‘Negro’ in the Portuguese-African encounter - a key definitional move for the book’s central thesis.
• SEED: Essay angle on how a political-economic encounter, not biology, produced a racial identity.

Related

• Portugal’s African expansion inaugurated the Age of Discovery and produced the Negro (similarity 0.95)
• Portuguese expansion into Africa produced the historical category of the Negro (similarity 0.84)
• European racial ideology predates colonial encounters and was extended to non-Europeans later (similarity 0.80)
• Authentic understanding of the Negro requires breaking cultural crystallization (similarity 0.80)
• The Negro identity was manufactured in the West, not brought from Africa. (similarity 0.80)
• European racism began as intra-European class domination before it was applied to Africans. (similarity 0.79)
• European racism began inside Europe before capitalism or African encounters (similarity 0.78)
• The African-European encounter was abrupt philosophically, not just historically (similarity 0.78)