Planned direction alone cannot define socialism, or Pharaohs’ economies would qualify

Evidence

All socialist theories agree that the socialist economy, in contrast to the `anarchic’ capitalist one, must be a planned and directed one, although this should not be thought of as its only characteristic. If the latter were true, economic systems as various as the economy under the Pharaohs, mercantilism, the German war economy, and even a form of capitalism completely dominated by cartels, would all have to be regarded as socialist. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 240

Categorization

• DEFINE: Pollock’s functional definition of socialism — planning is necessary but not sufficient; a useful precision for institutional and economic history reference.
• XREF: connects to: Planned direction alone cannot define socialism.; Socialism lacks an intrinsic art of government and must invent one — Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at…, 586

Broader Connections

• Socialism lacks an intrinsic art of government and must invent one #corroborates (0.72) — Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics, 586