Pious fear is internal to action’s structure, a felicity condition of it.

Evidence

What is signifi here, however, is that the emotion of fear not only propels one to act, but is also considered to be inte.. gral to action. Thus, fear is an element internal to the very structure of a pious act, and as such it is a condition for (to use J. L. Austin’s terms) the “felici.. tous” performance of the act. — Saba Mahmood, Politics of Piety, 1004

Categorization

• DEFINE: Applies Austin’s felicity conditions to ritual acts to argue emotions inhere in rather than drive acts.