Pillarized mass organizations mediated citizen-state relations in Western Europe

Evidence

In Belgium and the Netherlands, separate Catholic, Protestant, socialist, and liberal milieus each had their own newspapers, youth clubs, even hospitals known as “pillars,” or zuilen. These institutions acted as fortified bastions, mediating the relationship between individuals and the state and enabling the population to exert a measure of influence over its government. — Anton Jäger, Hyperpolitics, 115

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the pillarized (zuilen) model of organized democracy that becomes hyperpolitics’ absent baseline.
• XREF: connects to: Regime quadrants describe agent-citizen relations, not just citizen repertoires — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 429