Physical assault is a routine condition of street-level work, not an anomaly
Evidence
In 1976, 1,500 of New York City’s z5.z40 member police force were officially examined for psychological reasons, including alcoholism. IS Law enforcement personnel are not the only lower-level public employees for whom physical danger is a condition of work with which to reckon. According to aU. S. Senate subcommittee report, between 1974 and 1975, 70,000 classroom teachers in the United States reported serious injuries from physical assaults by students. This figure probably understates the situation considerably, since teachers are often discouraged from reporting incidents of violence. — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 267
Categorization
- XREF: Concrete data point for the reader’s project: quantifies the physical-threat baseline that makes frontline workers develop quick judgment routines; links to institutionalization-of-stereotypes thesis as the defensive function discretion serves. — connects to: Physical violence against subordinates is routine and institutionally shaped, not uncontrolled rage; Physical violence is a routine structural tool of inequality, not uncontrolled animosity — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 678; Routine racial violence reflects ordinary participation, not aberrant soldiers — Sherene Razack, Casting Out: The Eviction of Muslims…, 148 (+2 more)
Broader Connections
- Physical violence is a routine structural tool of inequality, not uncontrolled animosity
#expands(0.80) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 678 - Physical violence against subordinates is routine and institutionally shaped, not uncontrolled rage
#expands(0.75) - The form of violence reflects institutional structure, not underlying hostility.
#expands(0.75) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 655 - Street-level bureaucratic failures are rooted in work structure, not individual failings.
#expands(0.75) — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 55 - Routine racial violence reflects ordinary participation, not aberrant soldiers
#expands(0.70) — Sherene Razack, Casting Out, 148