Philosophy advances by continually reinterpreting its past classics

Evidence

This argument has never been accepted, by theologians. It was adversely criticized at the time; then it was forgotten till the latter half of the thirteenth century. Thomas Aquinas rejected it, and among theologians his authority has prevailed ever since. But among philosophers it has had a better fate. Descartes revived it in a somewhat amended form; Leibniz thought that it could be made valid by the addition of a supplement to prove that God is possible. Kant considered that he had demolished it once for all. Nevertheless, in some sense, it underlies the system of Hegel and his followers, and reappears in Bradley’s principle: ‘What may be and must be, is.’ — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1602 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

What makes Parmenides historically important is that he invented a form of metaphysical argument that, in one form or another, is to be found in most subsequent metaphysicians down to and including Hegel. He is often said to have invented logic, but what he really invented was metaphysics based on logic. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 275 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Intellectual paradigm shifts never completely break from prior positions.; Intellectual paradigm shifts always preserve elements of what they overturn; Philosophers have repeatedly revived the ontological argument despite theological rejection. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1602 (+6 more)

Related

• Philosophers have repeatedly revived the ontological argument despite theological rejection. (similarity 0.90)
• Philosophical refutations are seldom final and merely precede further refinements (similarity 0.84)
• Parmenides invented metaphysics based on logic that influenced subsequent philosophy (similarity 0.82)
• Intellectual paradigm shifts never completely break from prior positions. (similarity 0.79)
• All ontology after Parmenides has been secretly idealist (similarity 0.79)
• Philosophy occupies a contested intellectual middle ground between theology and science (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Philosophers have repeatedly revived the ontological argument despite theological rejection. #exemplifies (0.75) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1602
• Parmenides invented metaphysics based on logic that influenced subsequent philosophy #exemplifies (0.70) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 275
• Intellectual paradigm shifts always preserve elements of what they overturn #expands (0.60)
• Philosophical refutations are seldom final and merely precede further refinements #corroborates (0.50) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 295