Periphery exploitation worsened while core elites gained relative advantage

Evidence

“The period from 1600 to 1750 was dominated by the efforts of England and France first to destroy Dutch hegemony and then to succeed to the top position. In this long period of relative stagnation … the peripheral areas suffered greatly exacerbated exploitation of the direct producers and reduced advantage of the indigenous exploiting strata (reduced, that is, by comparison with similar strata in the core countries).” — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1971

Categorization

• XREF: Wallerstein’s world-systems claim directly informs how Robinson frames slavery as a world-system phenomenon—bridging to the theoretical structure of earlier chapters. — connects to: Frontier opportunity rhetoric masked elite capture of land and wealth — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America:…, 175