Parma likely foresaw the Armada campaign was doomed from its start

Evidence

If Parma was able to face the failure of the Enterprise with stony calm it may have been because he had foreseen long ago that it was doomed to failure. — Garrett Mattingly, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 727

Categorization

• QUESTION: Worth chasing: how much of Parma’s ‘charade’ was conscious performance for the record versus passive fatalism?
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Garrett Mattingly, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 727
• XREF: connects to: Parma’s invasion flotilla was unfit to put to sea at all — Garrett Mattingly, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 726; Drake’s Cape St Vincent strike doomed the Armada through water loss — Garrett Mattingly, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 821; Drake’s destruction of seasoned timber caused the Armada’s provisions to rot prematurely — John Sugden, Sir Francis Drake, 876

Library Connections

• Drake’s Cape St Vincent strike doomed the Armada through water loss #complicates (0.75) — Garrett Mattingly, The Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 821
• Drake’s destruction of seasoned timber caused the Armada’s provisions to rot prematurely #complicates (0.70) — John Sugden, Sir Francis Drake, 876