Panning between two speakers recreates a phantom source positioned by interaural phase shift

Evidence

The perceived lateral position of an auditory event with varied ITD cues while keeping the ILD constant has been measured in headphone experiments, and the results are shown in Figure 12.11a. The position is measured with impulse-like stimuli having a time difference τph. In principle, the perceived lateral position shifts in the direction of the ear at which the signal arrives first. For time differences from −600 μs to +600 μs, the dependence on lateral position is linear, and for time differences in the range of about 1–20 ms, the sound is perceived in the ear corresponding to the preceding impulse (Blodgett et al., 1956). With even larger ITDs and for continuous signals, the subjects can no longer tell on which side the auditory event occurs; they may perceive one on each side or perceive a diffuse source in all directions. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1431 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Stereo phantom center images have a spectrum dip near 2 kHz from interaural crosstalk — Toole, Floyd E, Sound reproduction- the acoustics and…, 415; Toe-in aimed at the listener compensates off-center phantom drift only at mid-to-high frequencies; Phantom center images reduce speech intelligibility due to interaural crosstalk (+7 more)

Related

• Loudspeaker level differences become inter-ear phase differences via cross talk (similarity 0.88)
• Stereo loudspeakers create directional illusion through summed phase shifts mimicking time delays (similarity 0.87)
• Inter-loudspeaker delay shifts perceived virtual source position toward the earlier sound. (similarity 0.87)
• Toe-in aimed at the listener compensates off-center phantom drift only at mid-to-high frequencies (similarity 0.86)
• Stereo phantom center images have a spectrum dip near 2 kHz from interaural crosstalk (similarity 0.86)
• About 1.2 ms of interchannel delay fully displaces a stereo image to one side (similarity 0.85)
• Phantom center images reduce speech intelligibility due to interaural crosstalk (similarity 0.85)
• Auditory motion can be simulated by fading between adjacent loudspeakers. (similarity 0.84)
• Two loudspeakers can synthesize a credible 5-channel surround illusion (similarity 0.83)
• Panning between non-symmetric loudspeaker pairs distorts perceived spatial width. (similarity 0.83)
• Stereo can encode direction with only one directional cue at a time (similarity 0.83)
• The sound arriving first dominates perceived direction beyond 673 microseconds of delay (similarity 0.83)
• Headphone and loudspeaker playback of stereo differ yet yield similar spatial order. (similarity 0.83)
• High-frequency interaural phase differences are ambiguous about azimuth location (similarity 0.82)
• Amplitude panning produces equivalent spatial perception across headphones and loudspeakers. (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Inter-loudspeaker delay shifts perceived virtual source position toward the earlier sound. #expands (0.92)
• Amplitude panning produces equivalent spatial perception across headphones and loudspeakers. #qualifies (0.85)
• Interaural level differences and time shifts trade off to control lateralization #expands (0.85) — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1431
• Converting stereo to binaural sound requires modeling cross-coupling between speakers #expands (0.80) — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 2252