Pan-movements united members through mood rather than defined political goals

Evidence

Despite their lack of success, with its proverbial appeal to the mob, the pan-movements exerted from the beginning a much stronger attraction than overseas imperialism. This popular appeal, which withstood tangible failures and constant changes of program, foreshadowed later totalitarian groups which were similarly vague as to actual goals and subject to day-to-day changes of political lines. What held the pan-movements’ membership together was much more a general mood than a clearly defined aim. … Yet, though they had no specific programs for world conquest, they generated an all-embracing mood of total predominance, of touching and embracing all human issues, of “pan-humanism,” as Dostoevski once put it. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 574

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the mechanism by which pan-movements — and later totalitarian groups — held membership: diffuse mood replacing specific program.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s scaffolding goal: mood-over-program is a precursor concept to later work on how totalitarian and Islamist movements recruit identity without clear agendas. — connects to: Political unity is strengthened rather than weakened by divergent attentions — Yves Citton, The Ecology of Attention, 347; Movements grow powerful by fusing with other movements on shared agendas — Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up: Environmental…, 719; Transnational activist networks influence global discourse without seeking formal institutional power — David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice:…, 720 (+3 more)