Pan-Germanists redefined nationhood as independent of state and territory

Evidence

The complete lack of loyalty to their own country and its government, for which the Pan-Germanists substituted an open loyalty to Bismarck’s Reich, and the resulting concept of nationhood as something independent of state and territory, led the Schoenerer group to a veritable imperialist ideology in which lies the clue to its temporary weakness and its final strength. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 165

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the key conceptual shift: nationhood detached from state and territory — a foundational move for understanding how antisemitism became imperialist rather than merely nationalist.
• XREF: Connects directly to later Arendt material on nationalism vs imperialism, and to the Islamophobia toolkit’s concern with how race-thinking transcends the nation-state.