Ottoman decline stripped Turks of both imperial and religious authority to feel superior

Evidence

Once upon a time the Turk had been accustomed to despise his neighbors and his enemies from the comfortable altitude of superior religion and imperial authority. Empire was gone, and the growth of secularism was depriving him even of the consolations of religion. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 2026

Categorization

Category: Causal Relationships