Oriental Gothic fiction repeatedly links Islam with monstrosity and horror

Evidence

Vathek is “a work of the fantastic.” Its features include a coal-skinned demon named “the Indian,” a homicidal, queer Arab villain, skies streaked with blood, corpses emerging from the earth, a traveling Tower of Babel, magic slippers, and the mass murder of 50 naked boys. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 506

Categorization

• XREF: Directly supplies the reader’s monster-type inventories for their thesis — the demon (the Indian), the villain, the ghoul — connecting to the recurring figure analysis in their guiding question.
• ADDENDUM: Complexifies the reader’s existing articles by showing the monster projected onto an entire landscape, not just a person — relevant to sacrifice and corruption framing.