Only two dozen hyperscale firms dominated digital infrastructure in 2017

Evidence

Hyperscale firms have become emblematic of modern digital capitalism, and as capitalist inventions they present significant social and economic challenges, including their impact on employment and wages, industry concentration, and monopoly. In 2017, 24 hyperscale firms operated 320 data centers with anywhere between thousands and millions of servers (Google and Facebook were among the largest). — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 1592

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: A few firms vertically dominate every layer of the data extraction pipeline — Nick Couldry & Ulises A. Mejias, The Costs of Connection: How Data Is…, 176

Broader Connections

• A few firms vertically dominate every layer of the data extraction pipeline #expands (0.85) — Nick Couldry & Ulises A. Mejias, The Costs of Connection, 176