Only three human studies have directly manipulated sound-brain entrainment perceptually

Evidence

Neuling et al. ( 2012 ) presented tone pips in noise and simultaneously applied 10-Hz tACS above the auditory cortices while manipulating the relative timing of the tone and tACS (the phase lag). They found that detection performance varied as a function of phase lag and that this function resembled well the tACS waveform. … Henry ( 2012 ; Henry et al. 2014 ) used a periodic 3- or 5-Hz modulation applied to an interrupted tone carrier as entraining stimulus. They manipulated the relative timing of the gap and the ongoing modulation and found that this influences gap detection in the phase-dependent manner described above for the tACS study. — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 4768

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the auditory-scene-analysis and oscillatory-phase themes reading purpose; the phase-lag design mirrors the reader’s broader interest in temporal mechanisms of hearing.