Ntumba held that construing Bantu force as Western being imposed foreign categories

Evidence

First, one cannot claim that, because the Baluba perceive the world as expressions of the reality of force, force is being. Second, one cannot constitute an ontology on the basis of external signs. Moreover, it does not make sense when Tempels equates the Bantu notion of force with the Western notion of being. Third, linking force and being is imitation since it is unthinkable without the Western conceptual tools Tempels used. Hence, Tshiamalenga Ntumba contends that Tempels constructed his own individual philosophy but did not reconstruct Bantu philosophy (Tshiamalenga Ntumba, 1981, p. 179). — Frans Dokman, Beyond Bantu Philosophy_…, 538