Normal group bias runs on liking one’s own group, not hating others

Evidence

Contemporary work on group identification and its implications has also explored the idea that outgroup derogation and ingroup favoritism are conceptually and empirically distinguishable (see Brown & Zagefka, ch. 4 this volume). For example, Brewer (1999, 2001) has proposed that ingroup love does not necessarily entail outgroup hatred, and that intergroup discrimination can indicate preferential treatment of the ingroup, rather than direct hostility toward outgroups. In line with this suggestion, research on discrimination in the minimal group paradigm (in which group memberships are created in the laboratory using criteria as minimal as an alleged shared preference for different styles of art or random assignment) used to test the premises of Social Identity Theory has found that people are generally more willing to discriminate by providing more rewards or positive outcomes to the ingroup than to outgroups, versus providing more costs or negative outcomes to outgroups than to the ingroup (Buhl, 1999; Mummendey & Otten, 1998). Notably, individuals who are highly identified with the ingroup are especially likely to discriminate for positive outcomes, but ingroup identification does not necessarily relate to discrimination for negative outcomes (Hodson, Dovidio, & Esses, 2003). — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 1496 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Partially due to consistency motives and some aspects of social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), increases in assimilation to one’s in-group prompt more favorable evaluative attitudes toward that group. This process provides ample foundation for the development of in-group bias (Aberson, Healy, & Romero, 2000; Hogg & Abrams, 1988). Further, social comparisons that shine a markedly positive light on one’s in-group compared with the out-group also bolster positive in-group affect. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1404 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Liking one’s own group does not predict hostility toward other groups; Most ingroup bias is overvaluation of one’s own group, not active dislike of outsiders; Favoring one’s own group does not require hating other groups — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1496 (+9 more)

Broader Connections

• Ingroup favoritism operates independently of outgroup hatred #corroborates (0.96) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 1496
• In-group bias arises from preferential in-group treatment rather than out-group hostility #corroborates (0.96) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1404
• Liking one’s own group does not predict hostility toward other groups #corroborates (0.95)
• Most ingroup bias is overvaluation of one’s own group, not active dislike of outsiders #expands (0.95)
• In-group bias mostly reflects positive self-regard, not hostility toward outsiders #corroborates (0.95) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 987
• Favoring one’s own group does not require hating other groups #corroborates (0.93) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1496
• Groups split favorably toward their own members and derogate outgroup attributes #complicates (0.80) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1973
• Love of one’s ingroup drives intergroup bias as much as hatred of outgroups #complicates (0.78) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 581