New mass-party replacements combine horizontal structure with undisciplined leaderism

Evidence

In the mass party’s place has come a curious combination of the horizontal and the hierarchical, with leaders who manage a loose group of loyalists without ever imposing a clear party line or discipline. — Arthur Borriello and Anton Jäger, The Populist Moment, 342

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Modern leaderist populism differs fundamentally from Leninist ideological schools — Arthur Borriello and Anton Jäger, The Populist Moment: The Left After the…, 268