Neoliberalism was never a unified doctrine but three distinct sects from its founding.

Evidence

Thus there are at least two imposing obstacles confronting anyone seeking a deeper understanding of neoliberalism: the fog thrown up around the term “neoliberalism” and attendant doctrines by the participants themselves, in pursuit of their own political unification ambitions and projects with other movements on the right; and the fact that the tenets of neoliberal doctrine evolved and mutated over the postwar period. The ten-plus commandments of neoliberalism were not delivered complete and immaculate down from the Mont in 1947, when the neoliberals convened their first meeting of the MPS. Nor can one reliably reconstruct it from a small set of “Hayekian encyclicals,” as Jamie Peck so aptly puts it. In fact, if we simply restrict ourselves to Mont Pèlerin itself (and this is unduly narrow), there rapidly precipitated at least three distinguishable sects or subguilds: the Austrian-inflected Hayekian legal theory, the Chicago School of neoclassical economics, and the German Ordoliberals. — Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste, 120

Categorization

• DEFINE: Establishes the three-way sectarian structure (Hayekian, Chicago, Ordoliberal) that the chapter’s organizational analysis then builds on.
• XREF: Connects to Jamie Peck’s ‘Constructions of Neoliberal Reason’ and the broader literature on neoliberal factionalism the reader is tracking. — connects to: Neoliberalism was a pluralist movement opposing three rival liberal traditions, not a corporate tool — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 2115; Neoliberalism was a flexible project, not a fixed doctrine with essential content — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 115; Neoliberalism may not cohere as a unified doctrine in actual practice. — Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste, 185 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Neoliberalism was a pluralist movement opposing three rival liberal traditions, not a corporate tool #expands (0.85) — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 2115
• Neoliberalism encompassed bitter internal conflicts, not a unified doctrine. #expands (0.85) — Dieter Plehwe, Quinn Slobodian & Philip Mirowski (eds.), Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, 20
• Neoliberalism originated in contested debate, not a pure doctrine #corroborates (0.85) — Dieter Plehwe, Quinn Slobodian & Philip Mirowski (eds.), Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, 405
• Neoliberalism is internally plural yet not formless #qualifies (0.85) — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 10
• Neoliberalism was a flexible project, not a fixed doctrine with essential content #corroborates (0.80) — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 115
• Neoliberalism’s cohesion comes from thought-collective structure, not explicit doctrine #expands (0.80) — Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste, 916
• Neoliberalism may not cohere as a unified doctrine in actual practice. #corroborates (0.75) — Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste, 185