Neoliberalism was forged by exiled intellectuals across many cities, not born in one place

Evidence

Neoliberalism had a diverse number of places of origin (including, but not limited to, Chicago, Freiburg, Geneva, London, New York, and Paris). With regard to the important Austrian roots, and to a lesser extent German, Italian, and French, neoliberalism was a political philosophy developed by uprooted intellectuals in exile following the rise of Nazism, which may explain the intensity of the social bondage among people from different countries and cultures. Metaphors of “birth” are perhaps less apposite here than alternative metaphors of percolation and recombination. — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 113

Categorization

• XREF: Challenges the popular origin story centered on Chicago or Hayek; parallels the reader’s network-formation framing. The ‘percolation and recombination’ metaphor is a useful historiographical corrective. — connects to: Interwar Vienna produced the extra-academic intellectual networks that seeded neoliberalism — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 101; Neoliberalism rose to hegemony through transnational networks of scholars and allies — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 81
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 113

Broader Connections

• Neoliberalism rose to hegemony through transnational networks of scholars and allies #corroborates (0.85) — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 81
• Interwar Vienna produced the extra-academic intellectual networks that seeded neoliberalism #expands (0.82) — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 101