Neoliberalism’s epicenter remained Europe rather than the United States.

Evidence

Contrary to the conviction of many on the left that neoliberalism is an ideology “made in USA,” fifteen of twenty-four MPS presidents have been European, and six have come from the United States (see Table I.1). Of the remaining three presidents, two were from Latin America and one from Japan. So far only Europeans have served as secretaries of the MPS, though all of the five treasurers were citizens or permanent residents (Fritz Machlup) of the United States. Twenty-seven general meetings between 1947 and 2004 took place in Europe compared to just four in the United States and one each in Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, and Japan (Walpen 2004a, 389). — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, 123

Categorization

• XREF: Builds on and challenges the ‘made in USA’ framing the reader likely knows from popular left critiques of neoliberalism; connects to the reader’s broader historiography of the network. — connects to: National political styles in the US and Europe make austerity attractive despite its failures. — Mark Blyth, Austerity: The History of a Dangerous…, 259; Austrian economics found its influential home in the United States, not Europe. — Mark Blyth, Austerity: The History of a Dangerous…, 381
• SEED: Angle: the material infrastructure of the neoliberal movement — meetings, treasurers, secretaries — reveals where real power lived beyond the ideological branding.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 123