Neo-Guelphism sought an Italian federation under the Pope

Evidence

His criticisms of the Church in his day are two: that by its evil conduct it has undermined religious belief, and that the temporal power of the popes, with the policy that it inspires, prevents the unification of Italy. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1878 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

  • XREF: connects to: Two distinct leaderships collaborating mechanically produced Italian unification’s success; The Vatican sponsored outward-facing political parties rather than internal Church reform; Marsilio of Padua blamed papal temporal power for Italy’s wars — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 2323 (+2 more)

Broader Connections