Negative Muslim film characters span Arab, Persian, Turkish, and African identities

Evidence

Films that feature Muslim monsters are the product of a cinematic history that includes Arab, Persian, Turkish, and African Muslim villains in large numbers. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 612

Categorization

• XREF: The breadth across ethnicities suggests the Muslim monster is a portable category independent of any actual people — supporting the fear-without-object thesis.