National histories shape whether a society names anti-immigrant hostility racism or xenophobia

Evidence

Germans see these matters differently. For them the word Rassismus recalls the doctrines and practices of the Nazi era, features of their past which they cannot forget but insist have no place in their present society. There are expressions of hostility towards Turkish and other foreign workers, but then there is also hostility towards immigrants of German ancestry returning several generations after their forebears settled in Russia. They call it Fremdenfeindlichkeit, or hostility towards the foreign. (This is usually translated as xenophobia though this is not an exact equivalent since a phobia is an irrational fear and attitudes towards foreigners have rational as well as irrational sources.) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 676

Categorization

• XREF: Illustrates the national-context variation in race/racism terminology the vault already tracks for France and the US; adds the German and Swedish cases. — connects to: The term Islamophobia understates the racial and political roots of anti-Muslim bias — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 260; Racisms form regional typologies tied to specific state formations but travel across borders — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 347; The meaning of race relations differs across national frames of reference — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 641 (+1 more)
• DEFINE: Sharpens the definitional pair racism/xenophobia by showing Rassismus carries Nazi-specific meaning in Germany, so Fremdenfeindlichkeit covers hostilitiy to foreigners.

Broader Connections

• The meaning of race relations differs across national frames of reference #corroborates (0.85) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 641
• The term Islamophobia understates the racial and political roots of anti-Muslim bias #exemplifies (0.80) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 260
• Racisms form regional typologies tied to specific state formations but travel across borders #complicates (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 347
• Early hostility to new immigrants was cultural contempt, not nativism #exemplifies (0.72) — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 391