Muslims held cultural and intellectual dominance in Spain through the thirteenth century

Evidence

For the first time in Spain, the Muslims were gaining the upper hand culturally and intellectually, not only militarily: it was a cultural dominance they would maintain until well into the thirteenth century. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 500

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

Related

• Muslims dominated Spanish intellectual and cultural life from the ninth century on (similarity 0.96)
• European intellectual confrontation with Islam began in the twelfth century (similarity 0.83)
• Intellectual polemic and violent crusade coexisted as tools in the thirteenth-century West (similarity 0.82)
• Muslims’ perceived inferiority in Spain tracked the geopolitical power of Muslim states (similarity 0.82)
• Islam served as Europe’s principal civilizational other for centuries. (similarity 0.82)
• Thirteenth-century Muslims proved impervious to both Christian arms and missionaries (similarity 0.81)
• Muslims under Christian rule sustained hope of Islam’s eventual triumph. (similarity 0.81)
• Arab Muslim rulers imported high culture into ninth-century Spain (similarity 0.81)
• Europeans’ sense of superiority over Muslims shifted from religious to cultural grounds across centuries (similarity 0.81)
• Iranian civilization dominated Islamic political and cultural power for centuries (similarity 0.81)
• Anti-Muslim polemics legitimated Christian subjugation of Spanish Muslims (similarity 0.80)
• The Saracen-heresy trope legitimated thirteenth-century Christian conquest and rule (similarity 0.80)
• Arab historiography neglected Muslim Spain’s final century of decline (similarity 0.80)
• Muslims remember an era when Islam ruled as the Earth’s greatest civilization. (similarity 0.80)
• European thought supplied Muslim lands with revolutionary symbols and values (similarity 0.80)