Muslim identity alone justifies state surveillance without any criminal record

Evidence

State surveillance of Muslims in the War on Terror involves the unjustified monitoring of the bodies of Americans who are by and large law-abiding citizens. Immediately after 9/11, the FBI detained and interrogated thousands of Muslims living in the United States (Hing 2006; Cainkar 2009). … None of these Muslim American leaders have a criminal record nor has their surveillance resulted in their arrest, but their Muslim identity was enough to raise suspicion and justify their surveillance. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 51

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s COINTELPRO/Beydoun map slot — surveillance of identity without probable cause, and echoes the NSA mass-surveillance revelations as the empirical anchor.