Modernization itself drives religious resurgence by creating identity crises.

Evidence

Like other manifestations of the global religious revival, the Islamic Resurgence is both a product of and an effort to come to grips with modernization. Its underlying causes are those generally responsible for indigenization trends in non-Western societies: urbanization, social mobilization, higher levels of literacy and education, intensified communication and media consumption, and expanded interaction with Western and other cultures. These developments undermine traditional village and clan ties and create alienation and an identity crisis. Islamist symbols, commitments, and beliefs meet these psychological needs, and Islamist welfare organizations, the social, cultural, and economic needs of Muslims caught in the process of modernization. Muslims feel the need to return to Islamic ideas, practices, and institutions to provide the compass and the motor of modernization. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 317

Categorization

• XREF: Echoes the anxiety/alienation mechanics discussed around noise and information overload as modern stressors, and the general pattern that disruption of traditional order produces reactive identity movements.
• DEEPTHINKING: The claim that resurgence is both a product of AND a response to modernization — that modernity produces the very reaction against itself — is a genuinely hard-to-summarize dialectic worth sitting with.