Missionary conversion of Muslims required royal inquisition-backed coercion

Evidence

Ramon de Penyafort studied law in Bologna (from 1210 to 1219) where he met Dominic; he became a Dominican in 1222. Ramon served as confessor and chaplain to Pope Gregory IX from 1230 to 1238, then served as master general of the Dominicans from 1238 to 1240. Most of the rest of his life he spent in Barcelona, where, as spiritual adviser to Jaume I, he convinced the king to establish an inquisition in Aragon and to give his backing to the evangelical activities of his team of Dominican missionaries. In the last thirty-five years of his life, Ramon rallied royal and papal support for the establishment of language schools for missionaries, for the obligatory attendance of Muslims and Jews at the friars’ missionary sermons. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1183

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: Shows the crusade-coercion-mission apparatus inseparable in Aragon — the coercive machinery forcing Muslims and Jews to attend sermons.
• XREF: connects to: State coercion pressured Muslims to become informants or face false charges — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 575