Migrant work abroad is financed through heavy debt and black-market documents

Evidence

Labor migrants often take out high-interest loans with moneylenders or borrow money from relatives and friends in order to work abroad. Most labor migrants accrue large debts. Forged documents to prime locations (such as the U.S.) can cost tens of thousands on the black market. — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 698

Categorization

• XREF: Debt-financed migration echoes bonded-labor dynamics discussed in the book’s earlier chapters on labor exploitation.